Category: For Students / PG Aspirants
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Levels of Amputation
With the advent of the modern prosthetic care , the lengths of the amputation stump are not that important now . A/K Amputation : 18 cm below the tip of Greater trochaenter or 12 cm from the medial joint line B/K Amputation : 15 cm from the medial joint line ( Ideal is at the…
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Ulnar Variance
Normal ulnar variance 80% of load goes to the radius This X ray shows : Positive ulnar variance In +2.5mm of ulnar variance 60% of load goes to radius while 40% goes though ulna. It leads to ulnar sided wrist pain from increased impact stress on the lunate and triquetrum. associated conditions include Ulnar…
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Winging of Scapula
Anatomy of Scapula Scapula serves as the attachment site for 17 muscles Its normal function to stabilize the scapula to the thorax, provide power to the upper limb and synchronize glenohumeral motion. Normal Movements : Elevation and Upward rotation By Trapezius muscle. Scapular Protraction (Anterior and Lateral motion) By Serratus anterior and Pectoralis major and minor…
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Revised Gustilo and Anderson’s Classification of Open Fractures
Classification Type I: Wound less than 1 cm with minimal soft tissue injury Wound bed is clean Fracture is usually a simple transverse, short oblique fracture, with minimal comminution Type II: Wound is greater than 1 cm with moderate soft tissue injury Fracture is usually a simple transverse, short oblique fracture, with minimal comminution…
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Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries
Injuries in and around the shoulder are common in today’s athletic society. Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries are common and often seen after bicycle wrecks, contact sports, and car accidents. The acromioclavicular joint is located at the top of the shoulder where the acromion process and the clavicle meet to form a joint. Several ligaments surround…
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Regenerative Medicine – Basics are a must !
INTRODUCTION There are a myriad of musculoskeletal disease conditions and injuries that presently have limited therapeutic options and could benefit from developing technologies in regenerative medicine. The goal of regenerative medicine is to functionally repair tissues and organs using cell-based techniques, thereby avoiding the need for artificial replacement therapies. Within this field, stem cells hold…
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PCL Tear
The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the strongest ligament about the knee and is approximately twice as strong as the anterior cruciate ligament. Its main function is to prevent the posterior dislocation of the tibia in relation to the femur, providing 95% of the strength to resist the tibial posterior displacement. Along with the anterior…
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PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS (PVNS)
PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS (PVNS) Definition: – Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a slow growing lesion of uncertain etiology arising from the synovial membrane, characterized by villous and nodular overgrowths of the synovial membrane of the bursa or the tendon sheath. – The appendicular skeleton, especially large joints such as the knee and…
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Burners / Stingers
These are the traction injuries that results in a neuropraxia of the brachial plexus. This is mainly due to ipsilateral shoulder depression with lateral neck deviation to the contralateral side. DEAD ARM Sensation : Pain that radiates into the shoulder and down the arm into the hand. Commonly seen in tackling sports like football…
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Sequesterum – What’s all about it !
SEQUESTERUM Definition : It is a separated microscopic/macroscopic necrotic fragment of usually a cortical bone which seems to be radiodense, surrounded by infected granulation tissue and pus (radiolucent) from the viable parent bone Diagnostic importance : Its presence is necessary to make a diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis Biological importance : It…