Category: For Students / PG Aspirants
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Types of Osteoporosis
Types of Osteoporosis : Type 1 Type 1 or postmenopausal osteoporosis occurs in 5% to 20% of women, affecting those within 15 to 20 years of menopause with a peak incidence in the 60s and early 70s. The incidence in women is eight times higher than that in men. The frequency of postmenopausal osteoporosis accounts…
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Dressing Materials
Betadine : It is iodine combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone It is broad spectrum – effective against gram positive , gram negative bacteria , fungi , viruses and protozoa Its preoperative application before surgical incision reduces colonization It decreases fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization in chronic wounds Hydrogen Peroxide : It is inexpensive and wisely available It…
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Prosthesis and Orthosis
Prosthesis : It is a device designed to replace as much as possible the function or appearance of a missing limb or a body part. Orthosis : It is a device designed to supplement or augment the function of an existing limb or a body part. It also controls the abnormal movements or allows restricted normal…
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Who was Steinmann !
Fritz Steinmann (1872–1932) Steinmann Pin Fritz Steinmann was a committed student of Theodore Kocher, another famous Swiss surgeon. When asked about his free time under Kocher, Steinmann replied that “not only did he not have one moment of free time, but that he often went months without leaving the hospital grounds.” Early…
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Radiological Grading of Stress Fractures
Grading of Stress Fractures on the Basis of Radiologic Findings : Grade Radiographic Finding Bone Scan Finding MRI Finding 1 Normal Poorly defined area Increased activity on STIR image 2 Normal More intense Poor definition on STIR and T2-weighted images 3 Discrete line Sharp area of uptake No focal or fusiform cortical break on T1-…
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Miserable malalignment syndrome (MMS)
Anterior knee pain in children and adolescents, often assigned the vague diagnosis of “patellofemoral syndrome,” may have a number of different causes. Subtle anatomic abnormalities in the alignment of an adolescent’s hips, knees, or legs can contribute to anterior knee pain. Miserable malalignment syndrome (MMS) is a term used to describe a triad of anatomic…
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Radiologic Evaluation of Supracondylar Fracture Humerus
Radiologic assessment includes AP, lateral, and oblique views of the elbow, as well as radiographs of the joints above and below the injury. Comparison views of the unaffected elbow may be helpful in evaluating displacement of a fracture. Methods of measuring displacement and the adequacy of a subsequent reduction include measuring Baumann’s angle, the humerotrochlear…
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Coccygodynia – What to do !
Coccygodynia has been defined as pain in and around the region of the coccyx. Etiology : Various etiologies have been described for this coccygodynia. The most common are falls resulting in direct injury to the sacrococcygeal synchondrosis.The result is an injury or partial dislocation of the sacrococcygeal junction that causes abnormal movement of the coccyx,…
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Sickle Cell Disease – What an Orthopaedician should know !
Orthopaedic Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease : Infections are common in Diaphysis Common organisms – Salmonella and Staph.aureus Patients present with Acute Bony Crisis due to Bony Infarcts , which is also referred to as Hand Foot Syndrome when extremities are involved , most frequent between the ages of 6 months – 2 years In…
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Orthopaedic Neurology Updates
Neurology Updates : 1. The most common peripheral nerve injury – radial nerve 2. Radial nerve , after getting injured has the best prognosis of recovery as it is predominantly a motor nerve and the muscles supplied by it are not involved in fine movements 3. Sequence of Prognosis after nerve injury = radial >…
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